THE LAST SOVEREIGN OF INDIA WHO REVERSED THE TREND OF HISTORY AND SHAPED INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES OF FOUR COUNTRIES Sher-e-Punjab Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780-1839)

Since the advent of Aryans (2000-1500 B.C.) till Saddozi Duraanis (1818) India was being invaded from west to east across the Indus. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, son of S. Maha Singh, chief of Shukarchakia misl, for the first time in many thousand years of the Indian history turned the tide of invasion and brought the traditional conquerors of India, the Pathans and Afghans, to their knees, when he and SARKAR-E-KHALSA crossed over from the east to the west to build an empire which included Kashmir, Ladakh, Garo, Tuklakote and Rudok in little Tibet and which took in control every bit of territory through the N.W. Frontier upto Kabul apart from the whole present day Pakistani and Indian Punjab upto Jalandhar and Kapurthala and Himachal Pradesh. This was Ranjit Singh's vast empire, which Punjabis never saw and enjoyed before. Kashmir would have continued to be a part of Afghanistan if Maharaja Ranjit Singh had not conquered it in 1819 and made a part of his domain. Ladakh was conquered from Tibet and annexed to Sikh commonwealth, Sarkar-e-Khalsa by Maharaja Sher Singh, second son of the Maharaja. Some say Ladakh was taken by Sikhs in 1834, during the life time of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.

Thus Kashmir valley and Ladakh are the gifts of Maharaja Ranjit Singh to India who changed permanently the International boundaries of four countries of present day – Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Tibet. The Pashtu speaking North West Frontier Province of India and Peshawar were also liberated by Lahore Darbar after a span of more than 800 years, from Afghanistan. It is now a part of Pakistan for good, otherwise it would also have been a part of Afghanistan.

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